A report from the UCR’s Freedom of Expression Program (PROLEDI) reveals that opinions on the state of this right are strongly linked to political affinity with the president, and confirms “nuanced” trust in the media.

A new study from the University of Costa Rica (UCR) warns of a growing public perception of deteriorating freedom of expression, which has reached its highest point in the last three years.

The report, developed by the Freedom of Expression and Right to Information Program (PROLEDI), identifies a growing sense of vulnerability in one of the traditionally strongest pillars of Costa Rican democracy.

The study’s main finding is the close correlation between citizens’ political opinions and their perception of press freedom. According to the data, citizens who support the current president’s administration are significantly less likely to believe that freedom of expression is in danger or that the president has disrespected the work of the press.

Conversely, those with an unfavorable opinion of the administration are more likely to perceive a deterioration and a hostile environment toward the press.

This polarization of perception is a central theme of the report. Additionally, the research notes a “nuanced” trust—meaning a low to moderate level—from the population toward traditional media outlets.

Analysts note that, far from being an issue exclusive to the journalism profession, this perception of deterioration has broader social implications. An environment perceived as hostile can foster self-censorship among citizens when discussing public issues, both in digital spaces and in everyday life.

The UCR study acts as a thermometer for the country’s democratic health and climate of public debate. The results suggest that the challenge lies not only in the relationship between the government and the press but in the growing polarization of Costa Rican society regarding its institutions and fundamental rights.